Ingot mold and method of casting



J. E. PERRY INGOT MOLD AND METHD 0F CASTING Filed June 25, 1921 5 Sh'eel;s .sheet l 3 maant@L i M25-'Effi April 28, 1925.

J. E. PERRY INGOT MOLD AND METHOD 0F CASTING Filed June 25, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 wuantoz l pril "28, 1925.

J. E. PERRY INGOT MOLD `AND METHOD OF CA STING Filed June 25, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 I and Methods of Casting,

Patented Apr. 28, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

JOHN EDMUND PERRY,

OF SHARON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO VALLEYVMOULD 4 & IRON CORPORATION, OFb SHARPSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF NEW Yoan.

applicati@ mea :une 25, 1921.-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that JOHN E. PERRY, a citizen A,of the United States, residing at Sharon", in the county of Mercer,` State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ingot Molds lowing is a specification. Thisl inventlon relates lurgy and more specially to a method and a i mold for casting steel ingots.

A primary object of the present invention is to provide a separable closed mold for casting -steel ingots with the parts arranged to separate in such manner as to uncover the ingot and permit the same to be readily lifted from the mold.

A further object of the present inventionis a molti of the character specified which the mold separates diagonally to permit the ngot to be removed without the necessity of providing draught on the sides of the ingot.

Another object of the -present invention is an ingot mold of the character specified wherein the cover is adapted to be lifted from the ingot when the ingot is solidified j and permit the ingot to rest on a flat`side of the mold in such manner that the ingot may bc lifted or dumped from the remaining half of the mold. I

Another and important object of the present invention is a `covered ingot mold for horizontal ingots and wherein the mold is arranged to separate in such manner as to release the runner tile from the mold so that the runner tile goes with the ingot when the ingot is stripped from the mold. g

Another `and more specific object pf the present invention is an ingot mold v"of the character specified and wherein the mold is adapted to cast horizontal steel ingots in a closed mold body with the sides of the mold being separated on planes diagonal 4.to the matrix and with the foot of the mold separatingalso on a diagonal line and the head of the m'old separating adjacent the runner tile channel.

Another and primary object of the present invention is the method of castilig steel ingots in shallow molds which comprises inclining the lower surface of the matrix in such manner as to form the first portion of the molten steel into a pool adjacent the incoming stream of molten steel.

of which the folbroadly to metal-` `1Neor morn AND METHOD or CASTING.

Serial No. 480,304.

Another object of the present invention is the method of casting steel ingots in horizontal molds which comprises introducing the molten stream ,adjacent one lend of the mold and arranging the matrix walls of the mold in such manner that a molten steel pool forms first adjacent the runner tile where the molten steel is entering the mold.`

Another and important object of the present invention is the method of casting steel ingots in horizontal molds which comprises causinga molten steel pool to be in to form beneath the incoming molten stee stream so that the molten steel stream contacts directly with the m'old wall only at the initial entrance of the molten steel into the mold and after that time the stream pours upon or into the ,pool of molten steel in the mold which covers and protects the mold wall.

Another and important object of the resent invention is the method of casting liorizontal ingots in covered chill molds, which method comprises providing the matrix of the mold with the walls arranged so that the lowest portion of the matrix is adjacent the stream of incoming molten steel and withdrawing mold gases from the mold along a mold joint in the highest portion of the matrix.

Another and important object of the ent invention is the method of casting orizontal ingots in a closed horizpntal chill mold,` which method comprises forming an initial pool of molten steel by the first steel to enter the mold andcausing the on-coming molten steel to pour upon and into said pool and causing mold gases to escape from the highest portion site to and remote from said pool.

A stillfurther object of the present invention is a mold of the character specified and wherein the side walls of the mold taper from the foot of the mold toward the head thereof.

A still further object of the present invention is a closed horizontal mold comprising two pieces adapted to separate in such manner as to open the runner tile channel whereby tlie ingot and runner tile maybe stripped from the mold.

Other and further objects of the present invention will in part be obvious andwill in art be pointed out in the specification heremafter following by reference to the accompanying' drawings wherein like parts are of the mold at a point oppolll represented loyl lilre clinrncters throughout the severel `fibfrures thereof.

Realizing that the embodied in constructions other then those herewith illustreted` and described, it is desired that the disclosure herewith shell be understood as being illustrutive und not to be taken in the limiting sense.

Figure l is u view showing the mold ussembled;

Figure 2 is u section on line 2--2 Figure '7;

Figure 3 is en end view of the heed of the mold;

Figure t is un end View oi the toot olf the mold;

Figure 5 is n. perspective view off the top member sepuruted vertically from the bottom member.

Figure 6 is e perspective `rietv of the top member seperated horizontully from the bot-1y torn oit the mold.

Figure 7 is e plan view of the heed end ot the mold;

Figure 8 is u longitudinal section` of the mold und illustrates the method ot pouring und shows the beginning of the formation of the initiul pool. f

Figure 9 is e cross-sectional view illustruting the method und shows the. onroming steel stream pouring upon the initial pool.

Heretoore in the irrt the most common type out ingot 'mold hns been the vertical mtegrul open mold in which the molten steel wus poured into the open mouth or upper end und when the -ingot solidiiied it wes th stripped from the mold by {forcing the ingot and mold relstive to euch other in longitudinel directions. l lin order to obtain clearance for this stripping operution the ingot was duly tupered.` F or many purposes a parallel sided ingot is -rnore desirable then u tupered ingot. lt hes-been proposed to cast ingots horizontally end to provide multi-port molds9 that is, molds wherein inverted troughs could be used on suitable stool plates or wherein stool plates were dispensed with und e plurulity oi parts were provided for the mold itself. ln such constructions where ingots have been cust in covered molds it has been necessary to use runner tiles of lire clay or similar materiel. These runner tiles have usually extended through e portion of the mold und there is e liability of the run ner tile noting to lock thoingot to the mold ue to a portion oi l the tile extending through un opening in the woll of the mold. When the ingot is poured there is usually o root of motel left in the runner tile und this root is sometimes diflicult to breek. The breaking operation is liable to injureY the mold. Furthermore, it for any reason the ingot tends to stick in e trough ty e or mold it4 is exceedingly dilicult to dislodlge the ingot from the mold. lt has also been proposed to make horizontal ingot molds of u number present invention muy be- 'ternplutes the sides, etc., und

`for the costing of horizontal iugots in chill molds the molten stream hes been permitted to strike the matrix well for u considerable length of time und until u pool of molten steel wus formed of such size as to receive the ori-coming stroom. Since the molds ere of cust iron the continued impinging of fresh molteust/eel against one spot on the mntrix side woll eventuully raised the tempornture of that spot to such u point that the cest iron in the side woll was cut sway by the hot molten steel. This tended to quiclily destroy the molds and further tended to louve e rough spot on the ingot, both ot' which leults were serious.

The culty oit' the knownl prior ort by providing e horizontal mold ot the covered or closed type, which mold is formed of two pieces so constructed that the lines of separation ere arranged relatively to the shape und dimensions of the matrix so that there are no parnllel sides or reentrent ongles in either piece oi the mold. lt therefore follows that there is no possi-bility of the ingot sticking duringe stripping operution und therefore the ingot can ulweys be removed without trouble. The present invention furthermore conurrengement of the separation plenos in such manner that the weight of the upper piece of the mold automatically holds the mold together so that under normal conditions no clamps are required. The present invention furthermore comprises e two part covered or closed mold lwith the lines of separation arranged to completely free the runner tile so that the runner tile und root of the ingot ure stripped from the mold with the ing-ot in order that the runner tile may be easily broken away after the ingot is out of the mold. The outlet for the mold gases in the present mold comprises the joints between the pieces of the mold, and the upper long joint which leads from the upper corner of the mold forms an admirable outlet at the highest portion of the mold.

The present invention also overcomes the ditliculties heretofore encountered in casting in horizontal molds, by providing :1 method wherein the mold is inclined to thc horizontal and with the pouring end of the mold comprisingr the lowest part of the matrix of the mold. By means of this method the initial entrance of the steel into the matrix forms a pool exactly at the spot where the steel stream enters the mold so present invention overcomes the diiilllti MMS toward the stream .of on-eoming molten steel. Since the steel in the pool rapidly loses heat due to the chill of the mold walls the steel in the convection currents is much colder than the on-coming molten steel, so therefore the fresh molten steel from the ladle is kept away from the side wall of the matrix and consequently a chilled skin or shell begins to form adjacent the matrix walls which so covers and protects these walls that the danger of cutting the walls by the molten stream is completely obviated. Furthermore the present invention contemplates the line of separation of the mold to j be open to 'any danger of the molten steel escaping `escape of the mold gases.

is tripping occur on the diagonal of the mold. It has been found that the separation joints may a considerable extent without through these joints so that therefore the separation joints comprise ample meansfor In view of the fact that the present invention contemplates a continuous joint along the upper diagonal edge of the mold and that the mold shall be set with this diagonal edge or dihedral angle of the matrix at the highest part of the Inatrix, the entire upper corner of the matrix comprises a gas outlet.

In' the manipulationy of molds of the present character the molds may either be set on the castin floor. or may be set on flat cars. After t e molds are filled and the ingot suiiiciently cool, an empty lower half is set adjacent the first mold to be stripped. The crane that lifts the cover or top portion of the first mold sets it over on the open lower half.y A runner tile is then dropped in place` in the complete mold is now casting operation. The runner tile may dropped in place while the stripping crane or-lifting` the. ingot from the lower half of the mold, which has just been uncovered sothat a series of operations may be carried' on simultaneously.v The stripping operation can be carried out in many ways. yIt -may be done by means of .one crane, it may be done by means of two cranes whereui while one crane is carrying an ingot t0 the soakingpit, or wherever the in-got is to be deposited, another crane may be setting up a fresh mold from the one which was just stripped. `The stripping operation of the first mold leaves a base open andready to receive theV upper half or topvof the second mold, and in this -manner the operations may be carried on in series so that the taking automatically sets up a new ,mold WVhere desired the train or cycle of molds may be of such length as to bring the re-set molds past the pouring station and the operations re-set mold, and a` ready for another l round the edge of diagonal end down of one mold may comprise a continuous series which may be carried on for as long a period as may be desired.

Referring now to the drawings, the lower half A of the mold may comprise a base 1 which is integral with the side wall 2 and preferably at substantiall right angles thereto. The upper edge o the side wall 2 is arranged in such manner as to provide a projection or interlocking. member adapted to interit with the top; These interlocking sides may be formed in various ways,- preferably to provide a projection on one member and a reentrant angle on the other.

member. In the fdrm disclosed in the drawings the upper edge of the side wall 2 is inclined outwardly and downwardly as at 4 and the edge wall of the base 1, preferably is inclined outwardly and upwardly as at 5. The foot wall 6 of the under half of the mold extends diagonally between the inclined walls 4 and 5 so that the line of separation of the end or foot wall is substantially that of a reversed Z-shape. 'However, the upper end of, the foot wall as at 7 fol\ lows the conformation of the matrix in order to insure complete drainage of mold gases by means of the joint at 7 adjacent this high corner of the mold. The head of the lower half vof the mold preferably comprises a substantially vertical wall 8 which is provided with an offset portion 9 that forms the lSide wall and back of a channel for a suitable runner tile 21. The separation line on this lower half of the mold extends vertically along one side ofthe runner tile channel as at 11. Preferably `a slight bead 12 is provided along the lower edge of the line of separation marked b the juncture of the outwardly and upwar and Ithe bottom wall. This bead tends to the ingot andhas a tendency to prevent fins from forming at this joint. l

y The upper half B of the mold is substantially a counterpart of the lower half and comprises a top wall 14 and a side wall 15 which are joined together at the. foot by a ner 21, (Figs. 2 and 3). The upjar half B of the mold isjprovided withsuita le staples 22 for lifting or handling the parts. The

separation plane 5 wall 16. The edge 17 ofthe top wall extends downwardly and outwardly against the wall 11 and leave Y staples 24 in the foot and staples 25 in the head end portions may be used for handling and at the same time may provide keepers through which suitable bars 26 may be set and when wedges 27 are driven under the' bars to comprise a friction lock to hold the parts together when such locking is deemed desirable or necessary. In practice no locking is ordinarily required, since the separation planes between the base A and the top half B are so arranged as to provide projections and reentrant angles, it follows that the parts automatically set together due to gravity and it is only under rare conditions that locking together is needed. The upper halfis provided with a bead 28 which extends along the edge of the surface 17 and performs the same function as the bead 12 in the base, namely, to round the edge of the ingot and prevent the formation of fins. The runner tile 21 may comprise a combined fountain and runner tile and preferably is provided with an elongated opening` 29 which extends vertically so that the molten steel coming through the runner -tile will cause a vertical mixing action in the pool of molten steel in the mold. Since the mold is diagonally inclined the mixing action is` accentuated because the stream C falls in a diagonal manner and is liattened and distorted by gravity action.'

This molten pool D forms adjacent the runner ti'le in view of the fact that the lowest portion of the matrix is adjacent this end of the mold, since the mold is inclined by saddles 30 and 31, or by other means, in both directions to the horizontal. This causes a triangular pool to quickly form from the firstmolten steel in the mold and thereby 'mold' by the steel stream. The side walls of the moldy may be arranged in various ways but preferably are tapered so that the heat absorbing capacity at the4 foot of the mold is considerably-greater than the heat absorbing capacity at the head of the mold. This arrangement causes the crystallization or freezing of the molten steel to progress from the foot of the mold toward the head of the mold. As the separation joints of the mold are on the corners of the mold, and as the mold is diagonally inclined, the to corner where the separation joint occurs 1s the highest part of the mold and thus ample provision ismade for the escape of mold gases.

Furthermore it will be noted that the separa-tion of the upper half B from the lower portion A is arranged along the corners of the matrix portion of the mold so that the matrix side walls taper away from these joints. Since the ends of the ingot need not necessarily be plane, it is preferable that the end walls of the matrix also slightly slope or taper toward the separation joints, so that the top half' B of the mold imobviates all dangerrof cutting the with the end lnediately clears the ingot when the top half is lifted, and the ingot immediately clears the lower half A when the ingot is lifted. By this construction it will be noted that the parts may be separated with the least amount of force necessary under the circumstances. In other words, it is lnot necessaiw to break any roots or strip the ingot from any long parallel friction surface, so consequently the forces necessary for the stripping operation are only slightly in excess of the force necessaryY to overcome gravity, since the parts are lifted and the stripping operation is carried on without destructive effort, that is, without necessity of breaking any roots or fins, or breaking any nibs, or humps which may form in faults or flaws in the matrix of the side wall.

From the foregoing description it will appearvthat when the upper half of the mold is lifted off, the ingot lies with two sides exposed and with sufficient end surface uncovered to permit crane hooksto easily lift the ingot from the base or lower half. Since the tile is adapted to go with the ingot the root is short and a. very small amount of scrap occurs, and therefore substantially the complete ingot is adapted for rolling without cropping, and the only waste or scrap is the metal which forms the root in the runner tile.

Having thus described my invention, what 1 claim is: t

1. An ingot mold for casting steel ingots horizontally comprising when assembled a closed chill mold with the longitudinal lines of separation arranged at the corners of the matrix portion of the mold and with the end lines of separation extending diagonally of the mold at one end and transversely of the mold at the other end..-

2. An ingot mold for casting steel ingots horizontally comprising when assembled 'a closed chill mold withthe longitudinal joints of separation arranged at the corners of the matrix portion of the mold said joints being arranged to form a gravity lock and joints of 'separation extending diagonally of the mold at the foot of the mold and transversely of the mold at the head of the mold.

3. An ingot mold for casting steel ingots horiznotally comprising when assembled a closed chill mold having the thickest walls at the foot of the mold with the longitudinal lines of separation arranged at the corners of the matrix port-ion of the mold and with the end lines ofseparation extending diagonally of the mold at one end and transversely of the mold at the other end.

4. An ingot mold for casting steel ingots horizontally comprising when assembled a closed chill mold with the longitudinal lines of separation arranged at the corners of `being arranged to orm a gravity thefmatrix portion of the mold and with the end lines of separation extending diagonally of the lnold atone end and transversely ofthe mold at the other end7p and means to set said mold with the head of said mold lowerA than the foot thereof.

5. An ingot mold' for casting steell ingots horizontally comprising when assembled a closed chill mold having the thickest walls at the `foot of the mold with the longitudinal joints of sepa-ration arranged aty the corners of the `matrix portion of the mold said joints being arranged to form a gravity lock and with the end joints of separation extending diagonally of the mold at the foot of thel mold and transversely of the mold at the head of the-mold.`

6. An' ingot mold for casting steel ingots horizontally comprisinguwhen assembled a closed chill mold with the longitudinal joints of separation arranged at the corners of the matrix portion of the mold said joints lock and with the joints of separation extending diagonally of the mold at the footy of the mold and transversely of the mold at the head of the mold, and means to set said lnold with the head of said mold lower than the foot thereof.

7. A mold for casting steel ingots horizontally and including a pair of complemental mold sections adapted when assembled to form a closed chill mold, the top section comprising the top,`one side, and a portion of both ends of the mold, so that when the top section is removed, the end portions of the ingot are uncovered whereby the ingot lnay be lifted from the other section without destructive effort.

8. A mold for casting steel ingots horizontally and comprising a pair of complemental mold sections adapted when assembled to form a closed chill mold, with the sections arranged infsuch manner that the upper joint is at the highest portion of the matrix and the lower joint is in the lowest po'tion of the matrix so that when the top sebtion is raised after theingot has been castthe to one side, and a portion of both ends o the ingot are uncovered whereby the ingot may be lifted from the other section withoutdestructive effort.

9. A mold for casting steel ingots horizontally and comprising a pair of complemental mold sections comprising a bottom section and a top section adapted when assembled to form a closed chill mold, the upper joint being downwardly inclined, and the lower joints being u wardly inclined, with the sections arranged in such manner that the upper joint is at the highest portion of the matrix and the lower joint is in the lowest'portion of the matrix so that when the top sectionv is raised after the in- `tions which when assembled form tially rectangular in cross-section,

chill mold having a matrix portion got has been cast Vthe top.. one side, and a portion of both ends of the ingot are uncovered whereby the ingot may be lifted from the other section without destructive effort and with a runner tile carried by the lower section.

1Q. An ingot mold for casting steel ingots horizontally comprising a plurality of seca closed substanwiththe joints arranged to permit the escape of mold gases from the highest portion of the matrix and wherein all the walls of both sections are inclined toward chill mold'having a matrix portion such manner as to provide clearance to enable the mold to be disassembled and the nflgot lifted therefrom without destructive e ort. l

11. An' ingot mold for casting steel ingots vhorizontally comprising a plurality of sections which when assembled form a closed substantially rectangular in cross-section, means to permit molten steel to be poured into one end of the matrix, and with the walls of said mold being arranged to permit the escape of mold gases from the highest portion of the matrix and wherein all the walls. of both sections are inclined toward the separating joints in such mannerjas to provide clearance to enable the mold to be disassembled and the ingot lifted therefrom without destructive effort.

the separating joints in v12. An ingot mold for casting steel ingots l horizontally comprising a pluralityzof sections which when vassembled .form a closed chill mold having a matrix portion substantially rectangular in cross-section, with the joints arranged to gases from the ghest portion of the matrix, said walls being thickest at the foot ofthe mold and wherein'all the Vwalls of both sections are inclined towardthe separating joints in such manner as to provide clearance to enable the mold to be disassembled and' the ingot lifted therefrom without destructive effort. l

13. An ingot mold for casting steelingots horizontally comprising a plurality of sections which when assembled form a closed chill .mold having a matrix portion substantially rectangular in cross-section, with the joints arran ed to rmit the escape of mold gases from t e hig estportion of the matrix and wherein all the walls of both sections are inclined toward the separating joints in such manner as to provide clearance to enable the mold to be disassembled and the ingot lifted therefrom without destructive effort and means to set said mold with a diagonal downward incline toward the head of the mold.

14. An ingot mold for casting steel ingots pxermit the escape of mold j vangles to the axis of horizontally comprising a plurality of sections which when assembled form a closed chill mold having a matrix portion substantially rectangularin cross-section, means to permit molten steel to be poured into one end of the matrix, and with the joints of said mold being arranged to permit the escape ofmold tion of the matrix and wherein all the walls ofv both sections are inclined toward the separating joints in such manner as to provide clearance to enable the mold to be dis-` assembled and the ingot lifted therefrom. without destructive effort, and means to set said mold with a diagonal downward incline j toward the head of the mold.

15. A mold for casting steel ingots horizontally, said mold comprising a pair of complemental mold sections adapted to support at one end of the matrix a suitable runner tile, the matrix walls of said sections being sloped toward the separating joints in such manner thata relative movement between either section and the ingot at right the ingot produces clearance between the ingot and the related section.

16. A mold for casting steel ingots horizontally, said mold comprising a pair of complemental mold sections adapted to support at one end of the matrix a suitable runner tile, the matrix walls of said sections being sloped toward the separating joints in such manner that any relative vertical movement between either section and the ingot and the related section, and a runner ti-le carried in a channel between the sections in such manner as to be freed when there is a relatively vertical movement between the ingot and either section.-

17, A closed mold for casting horizontal ingots said mold comprising a pair of complemental members separated on a' diagonal of the matrix, one of said members forming the bottom and one sideof the mold and the other of said members forming the top and opposite side of said mold, the last mentioned member also comprising part of the end port-ions of the mold.

18. A mold for casting horizontal ingots said mold comprising a pair of complemental members, one of said members forming the bottom and one side of the mold and the lother of said members forming the top and opposite side ofl said mold, anda runner tile channel having two side walls on one section and the other side wall `on the other section.

19. A horizontal mold for casting steel ingots comprising a plurality of sections, one of said sections being adapted to carry a runner tile and the other of said sections being adapted to support one side of` the gases from the highest porproduces clearance between the ingot runner tile in such manner that when the last mentioned section is removed after the ingot has been cast the runner tile is free to leave the first mentioned section when the ingot is stripped therefrom.

20. A horizontal mold for casting steel ingots comprising a plurality of sections, one of said sections being adapted to carry a runner tile, a runner tile on said .section and being provided with an elongated opening adapted to deliver a flat stream of molten steel, the other of said sections being adapted to support one side of the runner tile in such manner that when the last mentioned section is removed after the ingot has been cast the runner tile lis free to leave the first mentioned section when the ingot is stripped therefrom.

21. A horizontal closed mold for casting steel ingots said mold comprising 'a plurality of sections, one ot said sections comprising an integral cast iron member having a base portion and a side wall connected at the foot of the mold by an inclined end wall and with the head of the mold provided witha portion of an end wall extended between the said side wall and the base, and the other section being adapted to close the first mentioned section in such manner as to provide a full chill mold with an elongated matrix having a substantially rectangular cross section.

22. A horizontal mold for cast-ing steel ingots, said mold comprising a base seetion and ay cover section, the base .section being formed with a bottom wall, and a side wall, the said bottom wall and said side wall being joined at the foot. of the mold by a diagonal wall with a. portion of the diagonal Wall having an edge which correspond-s to the top surface of thejmatrix wall of the mold, the bottom wall 'and the side wall being joined at the head of the mold by an end wall adapted to form a portion ofa channel for a runner tile, said cover section comprising a top wall, and a side wall, with end walls joining the said top wall and side Wall in such manner as to cooperate-with the walls of the base section to form a completed ingot mold when the parts are assembled. l

23. A horizontal mold for casting steel ingots, said mold comprising a base section and a cover section, the base section being formed with a bottom wall, and a side wall,

rover section comprising a top wall, and a side Wall7 with end `walls joining the said top wall and side Wall insuch manner as 'to cooperate with the walls of the base section to term a completed ingot mold 'when the parts are assembledE means to support said mold with the head loiv so that the pool ot molten steel forms initially adjacent tlle entering stream.

i 2l. The method of casting steel ingots in horizontal molds having axes substantially horizontal which comprises causing a long shallow pool ot' molten steel to form 'from the initial steel entering the mold and then causing the subsequent additions ot steel to said mold to pour into or upon said pool. v

ln casting steel ingots in a horizontal coveredy chill mold provided with a runner adapted to direct the stream into one end ot the matrix ol the mold, the method which comprises arranging the matrix in sach manner that a relatively long shallon steel pool forms lirst adjacent said runner whereby the stream of molten steel lalls upon said pool until the matrix is lilled to the height ot the inlet opening of the runner.

2G. ln casting steel ingots lin a horizontal covered chill mold having a matrix priematical in erosls section and provided with a runner adapted to direct the stream into one end otl the matrixL ot the mold, the method which comprises arranging the matrix with an angular' corner thereof as the lowest portion of the matrix and adliacent the runner, and pouring the steel to form an initial steel pool adjacent said` runner whereby. the stream ot molten steel falls upon said pool until the matrix is 'filled to the height of the inlet opening of the runner. v

27. ln casting steel ingots in horizontal closed chill molds provided with runner tile tor directing the stream ol molten steel directly trom the ladle into the end ot the matrix of the mold, which method comprises cansing the 'formation ot an initial pool oit molten steel to form over the portion oit the mold in a line. with the trajectory otl the stream of molten steel to prevent direct Contact of the fresh molten steel with the side Walls ot the matrix and chilling the steel in Contact with the mold Walls. A

28. ln casting steel ingots in horizontal closed` chill molds provided with a runner tile for directing the stream ot molten steel into the end of the matrix ot the'mold which method comprises causing the formation ot a pool ot molten steel to initially term over the portion o'tthe mold in a line with the trajectory ot the stream ot molten steel with the side walls et the matrix@ ehilling the molten steel in contact with the mold Walls, and to cause convection currents of cool molten steel to move toward the incoming stream.

29. rl`he method ot casting'steel ingots in a horizontal closed chill mold which method comprises arranging the mold in such manner that the lirst steel in the mold forms a pool directly Vloeneath the stream of the molten steel and in such manner as to canse convection currents ot cool molten steel to move toward 'the surface of the pool, whereon the stream ot t'resh steel strikes the surta'ce ot the pool, and chilling the molten steel in contact with the mold Walls.

30. ln casting steel ingotfs in substantially horizontal closed chill molds the method which comprises protecting the matrix Walls from direct Contact with the stream of fresh molten steel by lorming chilling the under portions thereof before the temperature of said Walls is raised suficient-ly to permit cutting et the Walls loy the stream of Jiresh molten steel..

3l. rl`he method oit castinghorizontal ingots and the like which comprises protecting the matrir` side Walls from cutting action due to the stream of molten steel entering the mold hy covering said vvalls with a pool ot molten steel and chilling the under portions thereof.

3Q. rlhe method of casting steel ingots in a horizontal chill mold having a substantially horizontal axis, which method comprises protecting the side Walls hy a film. ot.

material ot' less temperature than the tema perature ot the molten steel in the feeder stream.

33. 'lhe method of protecting the side wallsothorizontal molds from a talling runner stream of molten steelduring the casting of steel ingots and the like which method comprises providing a liquid protecting medium between' 'the ruimer stream and Ysaid side walls which medium is ot a lesser temperature than the steel in the feeder stream ot the molten steel.

34. The method ot' protecting the. side walls ot horizontal molds during the casting ol steel ingots and the like which method comprises providing a protecting medium between the runner stream and said side walls which medium is formed ot a coating ot chilled steel ol a lesser temperature than the steel in the feeder stream ot molten steel.

lin the method of casting ingots the step which consists in pouring molten metal into the loivermost corner ot an elongated horizontal prism-shaped matrix forwardly inclined to form an initial pool adjacent the incoming stream .ot metal., and chilling the under portions ot the pool. i

36. in ingot mold tor casting horizontal ingots comprising a pair et complean initial pool and lll@ litt? menai mold sections forming when assemcompiemental mold sections to form when bled a horizontal close@ mold .having longi'- :isseliihled a closed chill mold having longitudinal joints of separation sii-fanged one tudinal lines of separation at the corners of above the oher on a diagonal of the matrix the mold matrix, diagonally extended lines 5 and. with dhe upper join, downwardly inof separation at one mold end, and ransdined. l. verse lines of separation at the other end.

37. An ingot mold comprising o pail of JGHN EDMUND PERRY. 

